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Brain development icon10/30/2023 ![]() ![]() Though this can be tragic in clinical settings, in experimental contexts it provides keen insight into normal brain development.ġ:Models of Neurotoxicity Provide Insight into Normal Development, Michael W. When this regulation goes awry, a dysmorphic and dysfunctinoal brain results. Each process is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. During this sequence many immature cells die, presumably eliminating unsuitable or non-competitive cells. Neural stem cells and progenitors proliferate in discreet sites then, young neurons migrate long distances to their residences where they form neural networks. The mature brain is the culmination of an orderly sequence of basic ontogenetic processes - cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. Another common neurotoxin is nicotine, and it is discussed in this book for three reasons: (1) the number of adolescents who smoke cigarettes is rising in some populations (2) prenatal exposure to nicotine affects neurotransmitter systems that are critical for normal brain development and cognition and (3) prenatal exposure to nicotine is often accompanied by prenatal exposure to alcohol. ![]() As chapters in this book show, alcohol has direct effects on the developing neural system and it affects genetic regulation. One of the most common of these is mental retardation, the prime cause of which is prenatal exposure to alcohol. Disruption of normal brain development leads to an array of developmental disorders. The developing nervous system is highly dynamic and vulnerable to genetic and epigenetic factors that can be additive or synergistic. ![]() This is the first book about both normal development of the nervous system and how early exposure to alcohol and nicotine interferes with this development. Oxford Research Encyclopedias: Global Public Health.The European Society of Cardiology Series. ![]() Oxford Commentaries on International Law. ![]()
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